Gyratory crusher



May 11 1926.

R. BERNHARD GYRATORY CRUSHER Filed June 27, 1921 2 Sh ee tS-Sheet 1 v Zlmenkw R achard Bernhard.

Patented May 11. 1926.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MITCHELL, OF TOMPKINSYILLE, STATEN ISLAND, NEW YORK.

. GYRA'LORY causnnza.

Application filed June 27, 1921. Serial No. 480,514.

This invention relates to gyratory crushers for crushing or breakingrock or like substances in which a'crusher head is mounted for gyratory movement within a crusher bowl into which the rock .or other material is introduced in order to be crushed or broken between the inner wall or surface of said bowl and the exterior wall or surface of said head. i

The object of the presentv invention is to provide an improved means for effecting the gyratory movement of the crusher head within the crusher bowl, which means shall be relatively simple in construction --and readily replaceable in case of wear or damage thereto and in which provision may be.

readily and easily made for the lubrication of the parts thereof.

According to the invention the gyratory movement of the crusher head is caused or efiected by means of a pendulum which is mounted to have gyratory movement within the crusher head and which by reason of such gyratory movement within and in contact with the interior of the crusher head I causes the latter to gyrate within the crusher bowl and to thereby crush the rock or other substances introduced into said bowl. Preferably the pendulum is ofconical form and engages a conical race member within the crusher head, the pendulum being fulcrumed within thehead so as to swing-outwardly into contact with said race member when the pendulum is rotated by -suitable driving means. P

Various other objects and features of the invention will appear from the following detailed description of the same.

The invention is clearly illustrated in the accompanyingdrawing's in which Fig. 1 is a vertical. sectional elevation of one form of gyratory crusher in accordance with the invention, and- T Fig. 2 is a similar vertical sectional elevation of a modified form of gyratory crusher having additional features of invention.

Referring more particularly to Fig. 1,

the crusher frame is indicated by numeral 1 and it may be of any usual or preferred.

form and may be supported in any'suitable or desired manner.

lhe crusher frame 1 is provided on the interior thereof with wearing parts or concaves 2 which may be made of any suitable material adapted to withstand the considerable wear due to the crushing of the rock or other material, the said wearing parts 2 being formed interiorly to an inverted truncated conical shape to thereby form the crusher bowl into which the rock or other material to be crushed is introduced.

Arranged within the crusher bowl so formed is a crusher head 3. which is of hollow formation and is provided on its ex terior surface with wearing. parts 4-. which may also be made of any suitable material adapted to withstand) the wear due to the crushing action thereof on the rock or other substance. crusher head 3 ispreferabl made of trimcated conical shape so that t e wearing parts 4 may be positioned on such conical exterior surface and held in place by a suitable nut 5 screwed on to the reduced threaded por tion 6 of the head. The exterior surface 0 the wearing parts 4 is such as to form a The exterior surface of thetruncated conical exterior on thecrusher head to thereby provide an annular space of gradually reducing cross-sectional area the former 'rests within a recess in the spider 8 while the latter fits within the sleeve 9 and rests with its flanged portion 11 upon the upper flangedend 12 of said sleeve 9, the sleeve 10 somewhat loosely fitting within aridupon the sleeve 9 so as to permit the necessary outward movement in all directions of the crusher head during the gymtory movement thereof.

The-reduced portion or stem 13 of the crusher head passes through the sleeve 10 and is held therein by means of a nut 14 threaded onto the correspondingly threaded upper end of said stem, this nut permitting adjustment of the stem and crusher head upwardly and downwardly to vary the position of the crusher head relatively to the wearing parts or concaves 2 of the crusher bowl.

Mounted within the interior ofthe hollow crusher head 3 is the pendulum 15, the stem or shaft 16 of which extends upwardly and is supported within the bearing element 17 by means of the nut 18 screwed onto the threaded portion 19 of. said shaft, this nut 18 permitting adjustment of the shaft and pendulum within the crusher head.

The bearing element 17 is of spherical form and is supported upon a series of balls 20 arranged within the interiorly spherical bearing element 21 which is mounted within the upper portion of the stem 13 of the crusher head, being supported by the interior flange 22 of said stem'and held in place by a suitable nut 23. It will be understood that in the normal inoperative position of the pendulum 15 the axis of the same will be substantially coincident with the axis of the crusher bowl and that the bearing element 17 mounted upon the balls 20 permits the pendulum to swing outwardly into the position shown in Fig. 1 during the operation of the crusher.

Within the crusher bowl opposite the. pendulum 15 is a race member 24 with which the pendulum 15 is adapted to contact. the exterior and interior surfaces respectively of the pendulum 15 and race member 2a pref-- erably being of truncated conical form as shown in the drawings. The race member 24 may be held in placeagainst a flange or rib 25 by means of a lower cap member 26 secured by any suitable means to the lower end of the crusher head.

Mounted upon the extreme upper tapered end 27 of the pendulum shaft 16 and secured in place by a nut 28 is a. pulley 29 adapted to receive a belt (not shown) by means of which the pendulum shaft may be rotated from any suitable source of power.

The spider or bracket 8 may be provided with a cap member 30 to enclose the suspension bearings for the crusher head and pendulum to prevent access of. dust or dirt to these bearings.

It is proposed to drive the pendulum at arelatiyely high rate of speed. probably al ways in excess of 1800revolutions per minute. and probably in some cases up to 3600 revolutions per minute. and it will be understood that as the pendulum is revolved by the belt passing over the pulley 29. the centrifugal force will cause the pendulum -to swing outwardly from the axis of the crusher howl into contact with the race member 24,

within the crusher head. When such contact occurs, the crusher head will also swing outwardly from the axis of the crusher bowl toward the wearing parts 2. The centrifcrushing and'ripping'action of the crusher head as it revolves or gyrates within the bowl. At high speeds the movement of the crusher head relatively to the wearing parts ofthe crusher \bowl is not very great, but the crushing action of the head against the rock or other material due to the gyratory action of the pendulum 15, is sufficient to reduce or break up the hardest rock.

The pendulum 15 is preferably placed in the bottom of the crusher head in substantially the position indicated, as most of the work done at this portion of the crusher head and in order to reduce the strains in the head to compressive strains and to avoid flexure in said head.

The pendulum 15 may be secured to the shaft 16 in any suitable manner and it will be seen that the construction of the pendulum is extremely simple and that it and the race member 24 may be replaced readily in case of wear or damage to these parts.

The modified form of crusher illustrated in Fig. 2 is in its essential parts similar to the construction shown in Fig. 1 and similar reference characters have been applied to these parts, the construction shown in Fig.

2 differing from the construction shown in I Fig. 1 inthe following respects:

The pendulum shaft 16 is driven by means of an electric motor indicated conventionally at 31 and mounted on a sleeve or support 32 carried by the spider or bracket 8. the shaft 33 of the motor being connected to the upper end of the pendulum shaft 16 by means of the flexible coupling member 34 which compensates for the relativeangularities of the two shafts during the operation of the crusher.

It will be understood that the invention is not in any way restricted to the manner in which the pendulum shaft 16 is rotated. as any suitable means may be adopted for this purpose.

It is desirable that the crusher head should have perfect freedom to adjust itself to the external resistances which may be exerted the upper bearing in the spider 8 than is the case when a stone is crushed near the lower or discharge end of the bowl. To provide for this freedom of adjustment, the crusher head may be mounted in a yield-able hearing at the upper end thereof, as indicated in Fig. 2. In this hearing the sleeve corresponds substantially with the sleeve 10 of the construction illustratedin Fig. 1, but this sleeve is supported upon and within a resilient or yielding bushing 36 mounted in a recess in the spider 8 or within a sleeve member 37 within such recess. This resilient bushing properly supports the crusher head and permits the necessary movement thereof while at the same time it permits the head to adjust itself to the external resistances above mentioned.

When the crusher is running light and at certain speeds the movement of the crusher head 3 may become so great that the wearing parts 4 thereon contact with the wearing parts 2 of the crusher bowl, which would cause destruction of these wearing parts in a short time. In order to prevent this the cover 38 secured to the lower end of the crusher head 3 is provided with a gudgeon 39 which extends within the inner race m mber 40 of a ball bearing 41 which is supported within a spider or bracket 42 secured to the lower portion of the crusher frame 1.

The gudgeon 39 does not normally contact with the inner race member 40 but it is arranged to contact with said member if the movement of the crusher head tends to be come excessive to thereby limit said movement, the ball bearing preventing the friction which would otherwise be liable to .result. Interposed between the outer race member 43 and the inner wall of the spider or bracket 42 is a yielding or resilient bushing 44, which serves to cushion the contact of the gudgeon 39, with the ball bearing.

The pendulum 15, is supported within the stem 13, of the crusher head by a bearing which is of different form from that described with reference to'Fig. 1.

This bearing comprisesinner and outer race member 46, 47 on the shaft 16, and

stem 13, respectively, and two series of balls 48 between said race members and held in place by a suitable guard or retainer (not shown). The interior surface of the outer race member 47 is spherically curved about the center about which the pendulum 15, and shaft 16 swing, whereby the balls 48 are capable of the necessary movements between the race members as the pendulum gyrates. The shaft 16 has threaded upon the upper end thereof a tapered nut 49 seated within a tapered aperture in the bearing sleeve 50, which rests upon the inner race member 46, this sleeve 50 being of slightly truncated form in order that it may engage with a line contact the inner surface of the upper end of stem- 13, as the pendulum gyrates. This bearing properly supports the pendulum within the head, while permitting the necessary gyratory movement thereof.

In order to lubricate the contact faces of the pendulum 15, and race member 24,- it may be desirable to introduce a quantity of lubricant into the lower cap member 26 or 38 of the crusher head. While in some cases the movement of the crusher head during the operation of the crusher may be sufficient to cause oil to be splashed onto the contact surfaces from the space within the cap 26 or 38, it is preferred to provide a small tube 45, extending through the pendulum as indicated in Fig. 2, and adapted at its lower end to dip into the coil contained within the cap 38, which oil is forced by the gyration of'the upper'end of the same, from whence it splashes against thecontact faces of the ring 24.

It will be understood that instead of driving the pendulum, 15, and shaft 16 from the upper end thereof, above the inlet end of the pendulum through the tube and out of the machine, they may be driven from the lower end of the shaft beneath the discharge end of the machine, either by a pulley on the lower end of the shaft or by an electric or other motor connected to said lower end. In this event the crusher bowl and the crusher head may be arranged exactly as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, with the crusher head supported for gyratory movement in a bearing of any suitable form in the spider 8, which bearing may be of either of-v the two forms illustrated. The pendulum and shaft in this arrangement would be inverted relatively to the constructions described, the pendulum being at the upper end of the shaft and the latter being supported adjacent the lower end thereof in a bearing of suitable form supported by a spider or bracket secured to the lower end of the crusher frame, the driving means being connected to the lower end of the shaft beneath-said hearing. The latter may be of a form similar to that illustrated in Fig. 1. The crusher head may be provided with means such as the projection 39, and bearing 40. for limiting the outward movement thereof.

Alternatively the stem of the crusher head may project from the lower portion thereof and be supported in a suitable hearing, such as those illustrated, inthe spider or bracket secured to the lower end of the crusher frame, the bearing forthe pendulum shaft then being arranged within the stem of the head. In this event thelimiting means for the crusher head may be arranged above the curved, the pendulum being convexly curved and the race member correspondingly concavely curved.

A material advantage of the improved form of crusher is the ability of the crusher head to adjust itself with reference to the crusher bowl and driving pendulum. For example, if a piece of material too strong to be broken or crushed, such as a piece of iron, finds its way into the bowl, the head when it engages said piece will simply vary its eccentricity relatively to the axis of the bowl, and after it passes the piece of material, will assume its previous eccentricity, repeating this at each revolution. The constant pounding on the piece of material may reduce it to sufiicient size to pass through the outlet of the bowl, but if it does not, no damage to the parts of the crusher will result, whereas in previous forms of crusher the introduction of such a piece of material very often results in the breakage of the driving shaft or other damage. The flexibility of drive resulting from the action of the pendulum 15 permits the described action of the crusher head.

It will be understood that when the crusher is driven by a belt, as indicated in Figure 1, the pull of the belt is sufficient to swim the pendulum 15 from a true axial position and that the gyratory movement will then be set up, while in the construc- 'tion shown in Figure 2, it may be necessary sometimes to displace the pendulum from true axial position by pressure on the head of the shaft 16, or by the introduction, through an opening in the wall of the gyratory crusher member, of a suitable implement to displace the pendulum. In either case the gyration of the pendulum is kept up in the operation of the crusher when it has once been set up.

It will be understood that the invention is not in any way restricted to the precise details of arrangement and mounting of the pendulum and other parts, nor to the precise construction and arrangement of the crusher head and crusher bowl as the construction and arrangement of the various parts may be changed as may be desired without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: l

l. A gyratory crusher, comprising in combination, 'a crusher bowl, a crusher head mounted for gyratory movement within said bowl, a single elementwithin said head, and means for positively rotating said element about its axis to cause the same to gyrate within the head, and to impart a gyratory movement to said head.

2. A gyratory crusher, comprising in combination, a crusher bowl, a crusher head mounted for gyrating movement within said bowl, a pendulous member within said head,

and means for causing said member to gyrate within the head, to impart a gyratory movement to said head.

3. A gyratory crusher, comprising in combination, a crusher bowl, a crusher head mounted for gyratory movement within said bowl, a pendulous member extending into said head, and means for imparting a rotary movement to said member to cause the same to gyrate within said head and to impart gyratory movement thereto.

4. A gyratory crusher, comprising in combination, a crusher bowl, a crusher head mounted for gyratory movement within said bowl, a pendulous member fulcrumed within said head, and means for imparting a rotary movement to said member to cause the same to gyrate within said head and to impart gyratory movement thereto.

5. A gyratory crusher, comprising in combination, a crusher bowl, a crusher head mounted for gyratory movement within said bowl, a pendulum mounted for gyratory movement within said head to cause said head to gyrate within said bowl, and means for imparting rotary movement to said pendulum. I

6. A gyratory crusher, comprising in combination, a crusher bowl, a crusher head mounted for gyratory movement within said bowl and having a conical internal race portion, a conical pendulum mounted for gyratory movement within said head to engage said race portion to cause said head to gyrate within said bowl, and means for imparting rotary movement to said pendulum.

7. A gyratory crusher, comprising in combination, a crusher bowl, a crusher head (as of rubber) mounted for gyratory movement within said boyl, a race member removably mounted on the interior of said head, a pendulum mounted for gyratory movement within said head to engage said race member to cause said headto gyrate within said bowl, and means for imparting rotary movement to said pendulum.

8. A gyratory crusher, comprising in combination, a crusher bowl, a crusher head mounted for gyrate r'y movement within said bowl, a race member removably mounted on the interior of said head, a pendulum and pendulum shaft mounted for gyratory move- -ment within said head to engage said race member to cause said head to gyrate within said bowl, said pendulum being removably mounted on said shaft, and means for imparting rotary movement to said pendulum.

9. A gyratory crusher, comprising in combination, a crusher bowl, a crusher head mounted for gyratory movement within said bowl, a member within said head, means for supporting said, member for rotary movement about its axis and for radial movement in all directions with respect to the axis of said bowl, driving means connected with said member to rotate the same about its axis to centrifugally cause gyration thereof, to impart ratory movement to said head.

10 gyratory crusher, comprising in combination, a crusher bowl, 2. crusher head fulcrumed for gyratory movement within said bowl, and gyratory means independently fulcrumed within said head for effecting gyratory movement thereof, and having its fulcrum in approximately the same plane as the fulcrum of the head.

\ 11. A gyratory crusher, comprising in combination, a crusher bowl, a crusher head fulcrumed for gyratory movement within said bowl, gyratory means within said head for effecting gyratory movement thereof, and a yieldable fulcrum bearing for said head.

12. A gyratory crusher, comprising in combination, a crusher bowl, a crusher head fulcrumed for gyratory movement within said bowl, gyratory means within said head for effecting gyratory movement thereof, and a fulcrum bearing for said head yieldible:il radially with respectto the axis of said 13. A gyratory crusher, comprising in combination, a crusher bowl, a crusher head fulcrumed for gyratory movement within said bowl, gyratory means within said head for efiecting gyratory movement thereof, and a fulcrum bearing for said head yieldable radially and longitudinally with respect to the axis of said head.

14. A gyratory crusher, comprising in combination, a crusher bowl, a sup orting member, a crusherhead fulcrumed 1n said supporting member for gyratory movement within said bowl, gyratory means within said head for effecting gyratory movement thereof, and a yieldable bearing bushing interposed between said head and said supporting member.

15. A gyratory crusher, comprisingl in combination, a crusherbowhacrusher ead mount-ed for gyratory movement within said bowl, gyratory means within said head for effecting gyratory movement thereof, and means independent of the bowl for limiting the outward radial movement of said head with respect to theaxis ofsaid bowl. 4 16. A gyratory crusher, comprising in combination, a crusher bowl, a crusher head mounted for gyratory movement within said bowl, gyratory means within said head for eflfectin gyratory moveme yieldab e means for limiting the outward radial movement of-said head with-respect to the axis of said bowl.

17. A gyratory crusher, comprising in combination, a crusher bowl, a crusher head mounted for gyratory movement within said bowl, gyratory means within said head for thereof, and.

effecting gyratory movement thereof, and ball-bearing means independent of the bowl for limiting the outward radial movement of said head with respect to the axis of said bowl.

18. A gyratory crusher, comprising in combination, a crusher bowl, a crusher head mounted for gyratory movement within said bowl, gyratory means within said head for eflecting gyratory movement thereof, a projection on said head, and means independent of the bowl surrounding said projection and normally spaced therefrom to limit the outward radial movement of said head with re-. spect to the axis of said bowl.

19. A gyratory crusher, comprising in combination, a crusher bowl, a crusher head mounted-for gyratory movement within said bowl, gyratory means within said head for effecting gyratory movement thereof, a projection on said head, and ball-bearing means independent of the bowl surrounding said projection and normally spaced therefrom to limit the outward radial movement of said head with respect to the axis of said bowl.

20. A gyratory crusher, comprising in combination, a crusher bowl, 9. crusher head mounted for gyratory movement within said bowl, gyratory means within said head for effecting gyratory movement thereof, a projection on said head, and radially yieldable ball-bearing meanssurrounding said projection and normally spaced therefrom to limit the outward radial movement of said head with respect to the axis of said bowl.

\21. In a crushing-apparatus, a crusher casing forming a crushing chamber, a crusher head having a universal suspension and provided with an interior conical race, a pendulum within the crusher head having a conical portion of less diameter than that of the race and adapted to run thereon,an d a flexible driving connection for rotating said pendulum on its ownaxis, whereby the pendulum is caused to run on said race to actuate the crusher head.

22. In a crushing apparatus, a crusher casing forming a crushing chamber, a weighted body rotatable on its own axis and free to shift its axis under centrifugal force developed during rotation, a flexible driving connection for rotating said body, a crusher head having a universal suspension and actuated by said rotating body, the crusher head and weighted body being spaced apart when the latter is in a state of rest so that the weighted bodyis free to have a swinging movementindependent of the crusher head.

23. In a crushing apparatus, a crusher casing forming a crushing chamber, a weighted body rotatable on its own axis and free to shift its own axis under centrifugal force developed during rotation, a flexible driving connection for rotating said body, a crusher head having a universal suspension and actuated by the rotating body, and means for maintaining the axis of, movement of the crusher head on the axis of the apparatus.

24. In a crushing apparatus, a crusher cas- 5 in formin a crushing chamber, a weighted body rotata 1e on its own axis and free to shift said axis under'centrifugal force developed during rotation, a flexible driving connection for rotating said body, a crusher head actuated b the rotatin bod said crusher head inc uding a sha an having a universal suspension, and a rubber ring clamped against said shank for maintaining the axis of movement of the crusher head on the axis of the apparatus.

In testimony whereof I aifix my signature.

RICHARD BERNHARD. 

